Posted on

OB West

I thought perhaps you might like to read about a site I’ve decided to include in the first volume of our new book series, Where Did They Put the Gestapo Headquarters? A Walking Tour of Nazi-Occupied Paris. For those of you who have read one or more of my prior books, you know that four walks are included along with a section called “Métro Walks.” Each of the four walks has multiple stops and you can walk from one stop to the next without having to jump on the métro. However, there are sites that are interesting, but I couldn’t fit them into any of the walks or they are stand-alone stops accessible by means other than the métro. Typically, I include four of these sites in each book. For example, in volume two of the book, Where Did They Burn the Last Grand Master of the Knights Templar? A Walking Tour of Medieval Paris, one of the Métro Walk stops is Château-Gaillard. This is the castle built by King Richard the Lionheart after he was released from captivity in 1194 by Leopold V, Duke of Austria. It has a very interesting history and the castle’s ruins are situated on a hill overlooking the Seine River and easily accessible by car.

Today’s subject is in the town of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, a suburb of Paris about seventeen miles (twenty kilometers) to the west. It also sits on a hill overlooking the Seine. Its strategic location was one of the reasons why Hitler chose Saint-Germain-en-Laye as headquarters for the Oberbefehlshaber West (Ob West), or German Commander-in-Chief in the West. It is a somewhat compact town and perfect for walking to the numerous bunkers built by the Germans as well as their command headquarters. It is also a town with quite a bit of French history.

Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Château Neuf, 1637. The Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye can be seen in the background. The Pavilion Henri IV is the pavilion on the right. Illustration by Auguste Alexandre Guillaumot (c. 1800s). Bibliothèque nationale de France. PD-GallicaScan. Wikimedia Commons.
Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Château Neuf, 1637. The Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye can be seen in the background. The Pavilion Henri IV is the pavilion on the right. Illustration by Auguste Alexandre Guillaumot (c. 1800s). Bibliothèque nationale de France. PD-GallicaScan. Wikimedia Commons.

Read More OB West

Posted on

“The Red Virgin”

Those of you who have been long-time readers of my blogs know that I like to highlight women who were significant to the historical periods I write about (e.g., Medieval Paris, French Revolution, and now, World War II and the Occupation of Paris). So many of these women are overlooked for their roles and accomplishments.

Today, you will be introduced to a woman who was considered a revolutionary as well as an anarchist. Over her lifetime, Louise Michel was given many nicknames: La Louve rouge (the red she-wolf), the “French grande dame of anarchy,” and la Bonne Louise (the good Louise). But it was “The Red Virgin” label which most people knew her by. Michel was a sought-after speaker, a playwright, an author, and a well-known advocate for women’s rights including education and property rights.


Did you Know?

Did you know that Queen Elizabeth II’s profile faces right on every coin she’s featured on? The tradition is to reverse the profile with each succeeding reigning monarch. So, going back to Queen Victoria, her profile faces left while her son, Edward VII (r. 1901-1910), faces right. His son, George V (r. 1910-1936), looks to the left, but his successor, George VI (r. 1936-1952) also faces to the left. Did George VI (Queen Elizabeth II’s father) break tradition? Not really. It was Edward VIII who chose to break tradition and during his short reign (eleven months; he abdicated in December 1936), the coins were minted with his profile facing left. After the abdication, George VI took the view that his brother’s profile should have been to the right and as such, opted to continue the tradition by facing left. His daughter carried on the tradition and her profile is to the right.

British coin with Queen Victoria (Great-great-great grandmother of Elizabeth II) facing left. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
British coin with Queen Victoria (Great-great-great grandmother of Elizabeth II) facing left. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
1908 British coin with King Edward VII (son of Queen Victoria) facing right. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
1908 British coin with King Edward VII (son of Queen Victoria) facing right. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
British coin with King George V (son of King Edward VII) facing left. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
British coin with King George V (son of King Edward VII) facing left. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
British coin with King Edward VIII (eldest son of King George V) facing left. Edward abdicated the throne eleven months after being crowned king. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
British coin with King Edward VIII (eldest son of King George V) facing left. Edward abdicated the throne eleven months after being crowned king. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
British coin with King George VI (younger son of King George V) facing left. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
British coin with King George VI (younger son of King George V) facing left. Photo by anonymous (date unknown).
Coin with Queen Elizabeth II (daughter of King George VI) facing right. Photo by Rabax63 (2017). PD-CCA-Share Alike 4.0 International. Wikimedia Commons.
Coin with Queen Elizabeth II (daughter of King George VI) facing right. Photo by Rabax63 (2017). PD-CCA-Share Alike 4.0 International. Wikimedia Commons.

Let’s Meet Louise Michel

Louise Michel (1830-1905) was the illegitimate daughter of a maid. Coincidentally, she was born in the year when the citizens rose to depose the last Bourbon king, Charles X. Raised by her grandparents, Louise received an excellent education and ultimately became a teacher. In 1865, she opened a progressive school in Paris and began to associate with radical members of society including Théophile Ferré. By this time, Napoléon III and his Second Empire ruled the country and as the years went on, general dissatisfaction with the emperor grew.

Louise Michel, Communard and Anarchist. Photo by anonymous (c. 1879). PD-70+. Wikimedia Commons.
Louise Michel, Communard and Anarchist. Photo by anonymous (c. 1879). PD-70+. Wikimedia Commons.

Read More “The Red Virgin”