Category: French Resistance

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If I Sleep, Thirty People Die

One of the things I try and do is introduce you to people who have had very interesting lives. Hopefully, the majority of them have led good lives but unfortunately, there are some who have not. Not too long ago, you were introduced to the “Auschwitz Tattooist”  (read The Auschwitz Tattooist here) as well as a Belgium woman who sacrificed her life to save Jewish children (read Something Must Be Done here). Today, you’ll meet a very courageous young man who at the age of eighteen became the French Resistance’s most skilled forger and in the process, saved the lives of 14,000 Jews including countless children. He estimated that thirty forged documents could be produced in one hour. So, Adolfo Kaminsky didn’t sleep much because, “If I sleep, thirty people die.”

July Historical Events

This is a new feature for our bi-weekly blogs. I’ll pick out some interesting events that took place in the historical month of our blog. Don’t worry, we’ll continue with the “Did You Know?” call-outs as many of you have commented so positively about it. So, here goes ⏤ let me know if I should continue this! 

6 July 1189 Richard the Lionheart comes to the English throne after his father, King Henry II, dies. As the English king, Richard spent less than six months in Britain (so much for the Robin Hood story).
7 July 1456 Joan of Arc is posthumously acquitted of her crimes. This really didn’t help Joan as she was burned at the stake on 30 May 1431, but at least her reputation was saved (which likely paved the way for sainthood).
28 July 1540 King Henry VIII married his fifth wife, Catherine Howard. There were immediate marital problems and several days after appearing as a couple on the Jerry Springer show, Catherine was dispatched to meet the executioner.
14 July 1789 Mobs storm the Bastille. How could I have left this one out?
16 July 1945 The first atomic bomb is detonated in the New Mexico desert. I wish I could have left his one out.
17 July 1955 Disneyland opens in Anaheim, California. Okay, why would I include this here? Simply, nostalgia. Sandy worked here in the mid-1970s (Bear Country) and we took our kids to the park many times during the thirty-four years we lived in Southern California. Spoiler Alert for a lot of you: all the original rides are gone (trust me, “Mr. Toad’s Wild Ride” really wasn’t).

Let’s Meet Adolfo Kaminsky

Adolfo Kaminsky (born 1925) was a member of a Russian Jewish family who fled Russia, moved to Paris, but were kicked out of France and settled in Argentina where Adolfo was born. His father was a tailor and in 1932, moved the family back to Paris after the French government allowed them to return albeit under their Argentina passports. After a year, they moved to the Normandy area where young Adolfo began working for a dry-cleaning business and developed an interest in chemistry and specifically, dyes. Adolfo would soon build a lab where he could experiment and teach himself the basics of chemistry.

Self-portrait of Adolfo Kaminsky at the age of 19. Photo by Adolfo Kaminsky (c. 1944). ©️ Adolfo Kaminsky.
Self-portrait of Adolfo Kaminsky at the age of 19. Photo by Adolfo Kaminsky (c. 1944). ©️ Adolfo Kaminsky.

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“Dah-Dah-Dah-Duh”

I’m sure many of you are familiar with the opening to Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony. It starts with “Dah-Dah-Dah-Duh.”  Listen here.

Today, some people refer to Beethoven’s masterpiece as the “Victory Symphony.” Oh, and for some of you familiar with the movie, The Longest Day, you’ll recognize it as one of the back ground themes to this well-done account of D-Day ⏤ 6 June 1944. Watch the opening scene here.

During World War II, the BBC came up with the idea of opening its nightly broadcast to the occupied countries with the “Dah-Dah-Dah-Duh.” Was it coincidental that the four-sound phrase was Morse code (“dot-dot-dot-dash”) for the letter “V” which the British equated to Victory and Churchill’s famous hand signal? Was it coincidental that “V” is the Roman numeral for five or the fifth (as in symphony)? One thing I know is that it wasn’t coincidental that this striking sound alerted the French Resistance to pay close attention to that evening’s messages.

Winston Churchill in Downing Street giving his famous “V” sign. Photo by British Government (5 June 1943). Imperial War Museum. PD-British Government Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.
Winston Churchill in Downing Street giving his famous “V” sign. Photo by British Government (5 June 1943). Imperial War Museum. PD-British Government Public Domain. Wikimedia Commons.

Did You Know?

Did you know that before Christian Dior (1905-1957) founded his world renown fashion house in 1946, he designed clothes for the wives, daughters, and mistresses of Nazi officers stationed in Paris? At the same time, his sister, Catherine, worked for the French Resistance. She was arrested in June 1944 and deported to KZ Ravensbrück concentration camp and several sub-camps of KZ Buchenwald where she survived the war. However, Christian and Catherine’s niece, François Dior (daughter of Raymond Dior, a radical Communist), married the neo-Nazi, Holocaust denier, Colin Jordan in 1963. After the wedding ceremony, the couple gave the Nazi salute and mingled their blood over a copy of Mein Kampf, the book written by Hitler in the 1920s. François funded the creation of the French chapter of the World Union of National Socialists (a neo-Nazi organization) and supported former Waffen SS officers during the 1960s. Watch the wedding newsreel here.

The Colin Jordan-François Dior Wedding. Mingling blood over “Mein Kampf.” Photo by anonymous (1963).
The Colin Jordan-François Dior Wedding. Mingling blood over “Mein Kampf.” Photo by anonymous (1963).

Back to Christian Dior ⏤ his first post-war fashion featured dresses that were voluptuous and curvaceous with boned, busty bodices, tiny waists, and long, sweeping skirts. Some women complained the dresses covered up their legs. Dior called this collection the Corolle or, circlet of flower petals. Coco Chanel called it crap. She said, “Only a man who never was intimate with a woman could design something that uncomfortable.” Christian Dior had the last laugh. Women flocked to buy his “new” fashions. Dior had bet wisely that women in the post-war wanted something new that would make them forget the drab years of the German Occupation. Ironically, Coco Chanel was run out of town as a highly visible Nazi collaborator (and possible spy – read the blog Coco Chanel Nazi Collaborator or Spy? here).

Silk shantung and pleated wool bar suit by Christian Dior ⏤ Spring-Summer 1947. Photo by SpiritedMichelle (2019). Denver Art Museum. PD-CCA-Share Alike 4.0 International. Wikimedia Commons.
Silk shantung and pleated wool bar suit by Christian Dior ⏤ Spring-Summer 1947. Photo by SpiritedMichelle (2019). Denver Art Museum. PD-CCA-Share Alike 4.0 International. Wikimedia Commons.

Competing Radio Stations

The British, the Germans, and occupied France’s Vichy government competed every night for the attention of the French people. In the British corner was the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) while in France, the Nazis directly controlled Radio-Paris (116, avenue des Champs-Élysées) and Vichy broadcast over Radio Vichy from the Unoccupied Zone. The primary purpose of the BBC broadcasts was to lift the spirits of French citizens and provide information concerning the Allied war progress. With time, sophisticated messages to the French Resistance were included in the evening broadcasts. The programs emanating from Paris were intended to promote Nazi propaganda while Vichy primarily used their radio station for political purposes such as framing its collaboration with the Nazis in a positive way, denouncing Charles de Gaulle and the Free French as traitors, positioning the British as the enemy of France, and justifying the government’s new anti-Semitic laws. Read More “Dah-Dah-Dah-Duh”