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The Stinky Middle Ages

Now do we really care how many times Mila Kunis bathes her children? Or for that matter, how many times Ashton Kutcher showers or the hygiene habits of any modern celebrity? (For our international friends, this has been a big topic of recent discussion on social media in our country.) I’m most concerned about the bathing habits of other people when I’m in Rome in mid-July on a hot and sticky day inside the Sistine Chapel packed with five thousand other people looking up at the ceiling.

Tourists craning their necks to admire the Sistine Chapel. Photo by anonymous (c. 2013). Daily Mail 21 May 2013. www.dailymail.co.uk
Tourists craning their necks to admire the Sistine Chapel. Photo by anonymous (c. 2013). Daily Mail 21 May 2013. www.dailymail.co.uk

I wrote a blog some time ago addressing medieval sleep habits (click here to read the blog, Medieval Sleep Number©️ Bed). The important question in that blog was “Why were beds so short back then?” It’s not what you might think but you’re probably close. So, today I believe we will discuss something most of us do after getting out of bed in the morning . . . namely, bathing habits. After the folks in the Middle Ages crawled out of their short beds, what was their daily hygiene process?

The answer as to whether people from the Middle Ages were, let’s say, aromatic is not clear cut. There are many opinions about bathing frequencies and types of bathing habits. Opinions are formed by studying medieval illustrations, written accounts, and pure conjecture. Some people believe bathing was done on a regular basis while others point to evidence supporting intermittent bathing. I have not run across anyone’s opinion that bathing was totally neglected. Like many historical questions, there is not one simple answer.

Husband and wife bathing. Illustration by anonymous (date unknown).
Husband and wife bathing. Illustration by anonymous (date unknown).

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Hot Stuff

Arguably, the greatest combat contribution of any Hollywood celebrity during World War II was Jimmy Stewart (as opposed to Clark Gable and his photo ops). Stewart entered the United States Army Air Force (USAAF) as a private immediately following Pearl Harbor. Already a licensed pilot, Stewart demanded to be treated as any other enlisted man and by 1943, he was a pilot in the 445th Bombardment Group. In November of that year, the 445th was assigned to RAF Tibenham air base in England. Stewart flew twenty-five missions as a commander of a bomb squadron of B-24s and twenty uncredited missions before being sent home. He was promoted to major in January 1944 and was a full-bird colonel after his service was up. Jimmy Stewart was awarded the Croix de Guerre by Gen. de Gaulle as well as two Distinguished Flying Crosses. Stewart went into the Air Force Reserves and was promoted to brigadier general (one star). On 23 May 1985, President Reagan honored Stewart with the Presidential Medal of Freedom and promoted him to major general (two stars).

Maj. James Stewart confers with a B-24 crew member. Photo by anonymous (c. 1943). PD-U.S. Government. Wikimedia Commons.
Maj. James Stewart confers with a B-24 crew member. Photo by anonymous (c. 1943). PD-U.S. Government. Wikimedia Commons.
Memorial to USAAF Tibenham. Photo by Keith Evans (18 July 2008). PD-CCA 2.0 Generic. Wikimedia Commons.
Memorial to USAAF Tibenham. Photo by Keith Evans (18 July 2008). PD-CCA 2.0 Generic. Wikimedia Commons.

Today’s blog isn’t about Jimmy Stewart. It’s about the heavy bomber he flew: the B-24, or “Liberator.” We will highlight one plane known by its nose art as “Hot Stuff.” This blog also has a special meaning for my family. My paternal grandmother was a “Rosie the Riveter” during the war. She lived in San Diego and worked at the Consolidated Aircraft factory where B-24s were manufactured. Elsie Ross was assigned to the production line that built the wings for the B-24s. It is very likely she worked on the wings of the B-24 that would eventually be named Hot Stuff.

Women working on a fuselage component for the B-24 at Consolidated Aircraft. Photo by Howard R. Hollem (c. October 1942). PD-U.S. Government. Wikimedia Commons.
Women working on a fuselage component for the B-24 at Consolidated Aircraft. Photo by Howard R. Hollem (c. October 1942). PD-U.S. Government. Wikimedia Commons.

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